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Tank Foundation Design Uploaded by Rajeshmk2002 on Jun 18

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Medium tank

Tanque Argentino Mediano (TAM)
Desfile militar argentino-2019-6.jpg

Argentine Army TAM 2C on Independence Day parade
Type Medium tank
Place of origin Argentina
Germany
Service history
In service 1983–present
Used by Argentina
Production history
Unit of measurement cost 1,500,000 USD (1983 export price)
Produced 1979–1991, 1994–1995
No. built 280
Specifications
Mass xxx.5 t (30.0 long tons; 33.six curt tons)
Length six.75 m (22 ft 2 in)
Width three.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
Height 2.42 m (7 ft xi in)
Crew 4

Primary
ammunition

 105 mm (4.thirteen in) FM Chiliad.four Modelo 1L

Secondary
armament

 ii×vii.62 mm (0.thirty in) machine gun
Engine MTU-MB 833 Ka-500 6-cylinder 22.four L (i,370 cu in) diesel fuel
540 kW (720 hp)
Ability/weight 24 hp/tonne
Suspension Torsion-bar

Operational
range

 590 km (370 mi), 800 km (500 mi) with auxiliary fuel tanks
Maximum speed 75 km/h (47 mph)

The Tanque Argentino Mediano (TAM; English: Argentine Medium Tank) is a medium tank in service with the Argentine Army. Lacking the feel and resources to design a tank, the Argentine Ministry of Defense contracted German visitor Thyssen-Henschel. The vehicle was developed by a High german and Argentine squad of engineers, and was based on the German Marder infantry fighting vehicle chassis.

The TAM met the Argentine Army's requirement for a mod, lightweight and fast tank with a low silhouette and sufficient firepower to defeat contemporary armored threats. Evolution began in 1974 and resulted in the construction of 3 prototypes by early 1977 and full-calibration production by 1979. Assembly took identify at the local nine,600-square-meter (103,000 sq ft) TAMSE plant, founded for the purpose by the Argentine government. Economic difficulties halted production in 1983, but manufacturing began anew in 1994 until the army's guild of 200 tanks was fulfilled.

Argentine TAM VCA 155 Palmaria

The TAM serial includes 7 different variants, such as a 155 mm (6.1-inch) self-propelled howitzer and a self-propelled mortar vehicle. In total, over 280 such vehicles were built, including armored personnel carriers, artillery and mortar pieces. The TAM and VCTP (Infantry Fighting Vehicles based on the TAM chassis) were manufactured for the Peruvian Army, but to be integrated into the Argentine Army when Peru canceled the contract. The TAM also competed for other consign orders, but the TAM was ultimately non exported.

The TAM has never seen gainsay, although 17 VCTPs were deployed to Croatia for the United Nations UNPROFOR peacekeeping mission.

Development [edit]

During the 1960s Argentina sought to supercede its aging fleet of tanks, which included British Sherman 5 Firefly tanks and American M3A1 one-half-tracks dating from before long afterwards the Second World War. In their attempts to procure equipment from the United States, Argentina could only secure l M41 Walker Bulldogs (undelivered) and 250 M113 armored personnel carriers. When the The states turned down requests for further equipment, the Argentine government turned to the other side of the Atlantic, putting their "Plan Europa" (Plan Europe) into action. It was hoped that European technology could stimulate Argentine industry and so the country could produce its own armaments in the future. Argentina procured eighty AMX-thirteen light tanks, also as 180 AMX-VCIs and 24 AMX-155 F3s, from the French government, manufacturing effectually 40 AMX-13s and sixty AMX-VCIs at dwelling. The French AMX-30 and High german Leopard one were besides examined as possible replacements for the Argentine Sherman fleet.[1]

In 1973 the Argentine Ministry of Defense drew up a series of requirements for a tank to enter service in the 1980s. The armored vehicle would weigh no more than than 30 tonnes (29.5 long tons; 33.one curt tons), move at a maximum speed of 70 km/h (43 mph), and cover at least 500 km (310 mi) on roads. It would be armed with a modern 105 mm main gun, two machine guns, and grenade launchers. The tank designers also had to take into business relationship Argentina'southward existing infrastructure, including railroad capacity, bridges and road capacity, as well every bit the country's varied terrain. In belatedly 1973 the Proyecto de Tanque Argentino Mediano (Argentine Medium Tank Project) was founded with the goal of designing and developing a tank for the Argentine Regular army. Lacking the experience and the necessary technology, the Argentine authorities sought collaboration with a strange company, resulting in a contract with the German visitor Thyssen-Henschel. The contract called for a transfer of technology resulting in a program to develop a tank in line with the government's requirements and under a technical team that included both German and Argentine engineers. The hull of the German Marder armored personnel carrier was used,[2] and the chassis was strengthened to support the increased weight of the TAM.[3] Two prototypes were manufactured in late 1976 and early 1977,[4] which were put through all-encompassing testing for 2 years and over a road range of x,000 km (6,200 mi). Simultaneously, some other prototype was manufactured to farther the investigation of the new vehicle[ii] and complete the three prototypes as agreed in the contract.[5]

The new tank's firepower requirements were met past fitting a British Majestic Ordnance L7A1 105 mm (4.thirteen-inch) master gun. This gun was later replaced past the modified L7A2 and finally by Rheinmetall's Rh-105-30 105 mm (4.13-inch) gun. This gun is manufactured in Argentine republic as the FM K.4 Modelo 1L.[6] The Rh-105-30'due south advantages include depression weight, compact size and increased lethality.[vii] Unlike the Rh-105-thirty, the FM K.4 does not have a muzzle brake.[6] The locally built cannon can be elevated to 18 degrees or depressed to -7 degrees on the TAM.[eight] The gun'southward hydraulic recoil mechanism has an extended length of 580 mm (22.8 inches) to absorb the 34-tonne (33-long-ton; 37-short-ton) recoil force.[9] Information technology is designed to fire the M735A1 armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot, which tin penetrate a maximum of 370 mm (14.6 inches) at 1,000 meters (ane,100 yd). Information technology can also fire high-explosive anti-tank rounds, high-explosive squash head and fume rounds.[10] The tank'southward secondary armaments include a co-axial seven.62 mm (0.thirty-inch) FN MAG sixty-40 full general purpose auto gun and a second FN Magazine threescore-twenty mounted on the TAM's turret roof[11] equally an anti-shipping machine gun.[viii] The burn down command system includes a Nd:YAG laser with a range of ix,900 meters (32,480 ft) and a FLER-HG ballistic reckoner to compute the gun's fire solutions—helping the gunner aim and hit the target. The tank commander uses a Zeiss PERI-R/TA panoramic periscope, with a 2x and 8x zoom.[12]

TAM with its snorkel installed during an Argentine Army exposition

The TAM'southward engine requirements included depression weight and book, but with a fast rate of acceleration and high reliability. The programme chose MTU'southward MB-833 Ka 500 diesel engine, producing 540 kW (720 hp) at ii,400 rpm.[iii] This gives the TAM a power-to-weight ratio of 24 horsepower per tonne and a maximum speed of 75 km/h (47 mph) on road and twoscore km/h (25 mph) off-road.[13] With a 680-liter (180-U.S.-gallon; 150-imperial-gallon) internal fuel tank, the TAM can travel 500 km (310 mi). Its range is extended to 900 kilometers (560 mi) if the vehicle is equipped with two 200-liter (53 U.S. gal; 44 imp gal) external fuel tanks.[14] The TAM's transmission is a Renk HSWL-204 automatic, with a hydrodynamic torque converter.[13] A double brake system includes hydraulic disk brakes on the roadwheels, and the suspension is a torsion bar.[15]

The TAM'southward survivability is related to its low profile turret, based on that of the Leopard 1A4s and the Leopard 2,[16] and its physical armor array. It has 50 mm (1.97 inches) at 75 degrees on the glacis plate and 32 degrees on the vehicle's sides. This offers protection against anti-armor shells from up to 35 mm (1.38-inch) guns.[17] The turret front is protected by 50 mm (1.97 in) of steel armor at an bending of 32 degrees.[18] Although the tank's weight and armor protection are light compared to other master battle tanks, it has the advantage of better tactical mobility over the nation's terrain.[xix]

Equally a private venture, Thyssen-Henschel congenital a fourth prototype designated TH 301. Completed in 1978, information technology added a PERI R12 periscope, originally designed for the Leopard 1A4, for the tank commander. The gunner and loader each received a mean solar day periscope as well. To enable the crew to fire effectively at night, a depression light level tv set (LLLTV) photographic camera, which moved in peak with the chief gun, was fitted to the mantlet. Furthermore, the tank received a more powerful 550 kW (750 metric horsepower) engine.[fifteen] The improvement program also fabricated provisions to increment the thickness of the armor for additional protection.[8]

Variants [edit]

A number of variants were built on the same chassis as the TAM tank. The original plan called for the pattern of an infantry fighting vehicle, and in 1977 the program finished manufacturing the prototype of the Vehículo de Combate Transporte de Personal (Personnel Transport Gainsay Vehicle), or VCTP.[2] The VCTP is able to transport a team of 12 men, including the squad leader and ix riflemen. The squad leader is situated in the turret of the vehicle; one rifleman sits behind him and another half dozen are seated in the chassis, the 8th manning the hull motorcar gun and the ninth situated in the turret with the gunner. All personnel tin can fire their weapons from inside the vehicle, and the VCTP's turret is armed with Rheinmetall's Rh-202 20 mm (0.79-inch) autocannon. The VCTP holds 880 rounds for the autocannon, including subcaliber armor-piercing DM63 rounds. It is also armed with a 7.62 mm FN Magazine threescore-xx automobile gun mounted on the turret roof. Infantry can dismount through a door on the rear of the hull.[20] The commander has a day sight and vii observation periscopes, while the gunner has a day sight and three observation periscopes.[21]

Argentine VCTPs during peacekeeping operations in Republic of croatia

Variants also include the Vehículo de Combate de Artillería de 155 mm (155 mm Artillery Combat Vehicle), or VCA 155, and the Vehículo de Combate Transporte de Mortero (Mortar Transport Combat Vehicle), or VCTM. The VCA-155 is an elongated TAM chassis fitted with Oto Melara'southward Palmaria 155 mm (6.one-inch) cocky-propelled howitzer turret.[22] It carries 28 projectiles, 23 of which are stored in the turret bustle.[23] The VCTM carries an AM-50 120 mm (four.7-inch) internal mortar, which has a range of 9,500 meters (31,167.98 ft) and a rate of fire of 8 to 12 shots per minute. Based on the TAM chassis, the Vehículo de Combate Puesto de Mando (command gainsay vehicle), or VCPC, is another variant designed in 1982.[24] The Vehículo de Combate Lanzacohetes (Rocket launcher gainsay vehicle), or VCLC, designed in 1986, is also based on the TAM chassis and tin be fitted with both 160 mm (6.iii-inch) and 350 mm (13.8-inch) rockets. [22] A combat ambulance, Vehículo de Combate Ambulancia (VCA), and an armored recovery vehicle, Vehículo de Combate de Recuperación (VCRT) are other combat variants of the tank.

TAM 2C [edit]

In 2010, a modernization program was announced. Israeli defense contractor Elbit Systems was called to provide 3-axis gyro-stabilization. The first TAM unit of measurement upgraded by Elbit Systems was delivered in March 2013.[25] [26] The TAM 2C was upgraded with many features, mainly revolving around electronics and other secondary features. The upgrades included a thermal imager for the gunner and commander, a thermal sleeve for the barrel, and an auxiliary ability unit to provide power to critical systems when the main engine is off and reduce fuel consumption while idling. The TAM 2C also had numerous firepower upgrades, including new APFSDS shells and a new Oestrus trounce, and the adequacy to burn LAHAT anti-tank guided missiles, with over 800 mm of penetration and viii km range. It is not known whether or not the Argentinian authorities will purchase such missiles. The TAM 2C also received a new turret storage basket.[27] [28] [29]

TAM variants [30]
VCTP VCA 155 VCTM VCPC VCLC VCA VCRT
Weight 28.two t (31.i tons) 40 t (44.1 tons) 26 t (28.7 tons) 25 t (27.6 tons) 32 t (35.3 tons) 28 t (30.9 tons) 32 t (35.3 tons)
Armament twenty mm (.79 in) Rh-202 autocannon 155 mm (six.one in) Fifty/41 howitzer 120 mm (4.72 in) mortar seven.62 mm (0.three in.) FN MAG 60-twenty auto gun 160 mm (6.3 in.) or 350 mm (13.8 in.) rockets None vii.62 mm (0.3 in) FN Magazine sixty-twenty machine gun
Route range 590 km (370 mi) 520 km (320 mi) 520 km (320 mi) 520 km (320 mi) 520 km (320 mi) 520 km (320 mi) 520 km (320 mi)
Power-to-weight ratio 24 hp/t
(23 hp/ton) 		18 hp/t
(sixteen.5 hp/ton) 		28.8 hp/t
(25.1 hp/ton) 		28.viii hp/t
(25.one hp/ton) 		22.five hp/t
(20.4 hp/ton) 		26.7 hp/t
(23.three hp/ton) 		22.5 hp/t
(20.4 hp/ton)
Maximum speed on road 75 km/h (47 mph) 55 km/h (34 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph)

Production [edit]

Product began in 1979, with the intent to build a total of 512 armored vehicles (200 tanks and 312 VCTP infantry fighting vehicles). Economical bug, even so, ended production in 1983 with only 150 TAMs and 100 VCTPs built. These vehicles were produced by an Argentine visitor, Tanque Argentino Mediano Sociedad del Estado (or TAMSE) founded past the government in March 1980. 70% of the TAM'southward components were manufactured in Argentine republic, while the thirty% manufactured in Germany corresponded to the transmission, eyes and burn down command system. In 1983, twenty TAMs and 26 VCTPs were delivered to the Argentine Regular army later on an original order of 80 TAMs past Republic of peru was canceled due to budgetary issues. In 1991, TAMSE and the TAM production line were shut down, although in 1994 TAMSE was reactivated to complete an order for 120 of both TAMs and VCTPs to replace the M4 Shermans in the 2d Armored Cavalry Brigade of the Argentine Army. By 1995 the Argentine Ground forces was equipped with 200 TAM tanks and 216 VCTP and VCPC armored vehicles.[31] Although 25 VCA-155s were originally planned for production starting in 1990,[32] just 19 were completed and delivered past 1995, along with 50 VCTMs.[33] No other variants of the TAM, including the VCLC, VAC and VCRT were put into production due to budget restrictions.[34]

The TAMSE constitute is a 9,600-square-meter (103,300 sq ft) facility. The manufactory is completely covered, with two warehouses for storing components, quality control laboratories, a project office, an engine test room and a firing range. Besides participating in the production of TAM and variant components were Argentine companies Military Factories General San Martín (manufacturing the chassis), Río Tercero (turret and ammunition) and Bator Cocchis, S.A.[35]

Consign and gainsay history [edit]

VCLC during the Argentine Army Exhibition in 2008

The TAM has never been exported, although a number of nations were interested in buying it. In 1981, Malaysia signed a contract for 102 vehicles of the TAM family unit, including the tank, VCTP and VCRT (renaming these Panthera leo, Tiger and Elephant, respectively). None of these vehicles were delivered and Malaysia chose instead to procure Poland's PT-91.[3] In mid-1983, Peru established a contract for lxxx TAMs. Due to budgetary problems the order was canceled later on xx tanks had been completed. A similar lodge was established by Panama in 1984, and was canceled too.[36] In 1989 the TAM competed in a tank procurement order from Ecuador, alongside the American Stingray lite tank, the Austrian SK-105 Kürassier and the French AMX-13-105 light tank. The TAM achieved 950 out of 1,000 points, while its closest competitor earned 750 points, but in the end Ecuador did not procure any of the vehicles presented.[36]

In the Middle East, both Iran and Kingdom of saudi arabia expressed interest in the TAM. The Iranian deal fell through afterwards Saudi arabia and Republic of iraq successfully appealed to Germany to cancel the society.[36] TAMSE attempted to sell lx tanks through a Panamanian company, Agrometal, offering this company a committee worth 10% of the contract's price. This failed when TAMSE lowered the price of the vehicles, angering the Iranian government, which afterward canceled the offer.[37] The Saudi Arabian bargain was scrapped when Israel appealed to Germany to cancel the order.[36] Failing to consign the tank, the Argentine authorities closed the TAMSE fabrication plant in 1995.[38]

The TAM did non participate in the Falklands War, as it had non entered service before the end of the conflict.

Seventeen VCTPs were deployed with an Argentine battalion to Yugoslavia during Un peacekeeping operations. [33]

Users [edit]

Argentine republic
  • Argentine Army

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. 9–10.
  2. ^ a b c de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. xi–15.
  3. ^ a b c Foss 2004, p. 53.
  4. ^ Bishop 2006, p. 218.
  5. ^ Miller 2000, p. 10.
  6. ^ a b de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 27.
  7. ^ "105 mm Tank Guns – Rh 105-20 / Rh 105-thirty". Weapons and Ammunition. Rheinmetall Defense. Archived from the original on 17 Baronial 2009. Retrieved vi Jan 2008.
  8. ^ a b c Foss 2006, p. 10.
  9. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 28.
  10. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. xxx.
  11. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 29.
  12. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 32.
  13. ^ a b de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. 33–35.
  14. ^ Miller 2000, p. xi.
  15. ^ a b Foss 2004, p. 54.
  16. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 24.
  17. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 36.
  18. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 60.
  19. ^ Schneider 2006, p. 59.
  20. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. forty–43.
  21. ^ Foss 2004, p. 277.
  22. ^ a b Foss 2006, p. 11.
  23. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 48.
  24. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. 43–44.
  25. ^ "El Ejército Argentino recibe el primer tanque TAM modernizado por Elbit" [The Argentine Army receives first TAM tank modernized by Elbit], Infodefensa (in Castilian), IDS, Información de Defensa y Seguridad, 7 March 2013, archived from the original on two April 2015, retrieved ii March 2015
  26. ^ Higuera, Jose (thirteen June 2017). "Argentine Army announces armor upgrade programmes". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved xiii June 2017.
  27. ^ Defensa.com (30 October 2013). "La modernización del Tanque Argentino Mediano (TAM) - Noticias Defensa Documentos". Defensa.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  28. ^ Bettolli, Carlos Borda (xv July 2017). "Novedades sobre el proyecto TAM 2C". Zona Militar (in Castilian). Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  29. ^ Muñozsays, Javier (xiv February 2018). "TAM 2C Chief Battle Tank". Tank Encyclopedia . Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  30. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. 56–63.
  31. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. sixteen–18.
  32. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 45.
  33. ^ a b de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 18.
  34. ^ Foss 2002, p. 250.
  35. ^ de Mazarrasa 1996, p. 17.
  36. ^ a b c d de Mazarrasa 1996, pp. 17–18.
  37. ^ Garasino 1999.
  38. ^ Clarín 1998.

References [edit]

  • "Admiten que el sirio intentó vender tanques" [Access that the Syrian tried to sell tanks]. Clarín (in Spanish). Buenos Aires, AR. 3 June 1998. Retrieved iii October 2008.
  • Bishop, Chris (2006). The Encyclopedia of Tanks and Armored Fighting Vehicles: From World State of war I to the Present Mean solar day. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay. ISBN978-1-59223-626-eight.
  • Foss, Christopher F. (2002). The Encyclopedia of Tanks and Armored Fighting Vehicles: The Comprehensive Guide to over 900 Armored Fighting Vehicles from 1915 to the Present Day. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Printing. ISBN978-i-57145-806-iii.
  • ——— (2004). Jane's Armour & Artillery, 2004–2005. Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Data Group. ISBN978-0-7106-2616-5.
  • ——— (2006). Jane's Tank Recognition Guide. London, Great britain: Harper Collins. ISBN978-0-00-718326-5.
  • de Mazarrasa, Javier (1996). La Familia Acorazada TAM [The TAM armoured family] (in Spanish). Valladolid, ES: Quirón. ISBN84-87314-27-ix . Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  • Garasino, Luis (ix September 1999). "Advierten que Panamá podría embargar la fragata Libertad" [Warned that Panama could embargo the frigate Libertad]. Clarín (in Spanish). Buenos Aires, AR. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
  • Miller, David (2000). The Illustrated Directory of Tanks and Fighting Vehicles: From Earth War I to the Present Solar day. Osceola, WI: MBI. ISBN978-0-7603-0892-9.
  • Schneider, Wolfgang (October 2006). "Main Battle Tanks: A Worldwide Survey (I)". Military Applied science. 30 (x): 51–59.

Further reading [edit]

  • Cicalesi, Juan Carlos; Rivas, Santiago. TAM – The Argentine Tanque Argentino Mediano – History, Engineering science, Variants. International Specials (in English and High german). Vol. 8006. Federal republic of germany: Tankograd Publishing. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  • Cicalesi, Juan Carlos (2016). TAM & VCA/VCTM/VCTP. Terrestre (in Spanish). Vol. 1. Argentina: Jorge F Núñez Padín. ISBN987-978-1682-xl-ane . Retrieved ten July 2020. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanque_Argentino_Mediano

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